نشریه پژوهش و نوآوری در تربیت و توسعه
سال چهارم شماره 2 (پیاپی 14، تابستان 1403)

Today’s era is known as the era of cyberspace, which experts describe as a double-edged sword. On one hand, the significant influence of cyberspace on all aspects of social life is undeniable, and on the other hand, its harms and threats have also drawn the attention of experts. The aim of the present research is to propose a content model for parental education to prevent the harm of cyberspace among students. This research employs a qualitative method and is applied in nature. The statistical population of this research consists of specialists in the field of cyberspace, with a sample of 11 experts selected using theoretical saturation and convenience sampling. The data collection methods include a review of the literature and semi-structured interviews with experts and specialists. To validate the findings, expert opinions were used, and to ensure reliability, the coefficient of agreement between coders was applied. Data analysis was performed using coding methods. The findings indicated that the content of parental education for preventing cyberspace harm should encompass three components: knowledge (benefits of cyberspace, understanding cyberspace harms, and enhancing parental awareness), attitudes, and skills (technological skills, parenting, and life skills). It can be concluded that by developing their knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward cyberspace, parents can reduce the risks associated with cyberspace for their children to some extent.

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between contextual factors and the academic achievement of fourth-grade students, utilizing a mixed-methods approach with Iranian TIMSS 2019 data. The research was applied in nature, and methodologically, it followed a descriptive survey design. The statistical population included all Iranian fourth-grade students, both boys and girls, who participated in the TIMSS 2019 assessment. The sample consisted of 224 schools and a total of 6,010 fourth-grade students (boys and girls), with an average age of 10.2 years, who took part in the TIMSS 2019 study. To collect the necessary data regarding students' academic achievement in mathematics and science, TIMSS 2019 employed the student achievement test booklets and associated questionnaires related to five domains: curriculum, school, teacher, student, and parents. This included five test booklets for mathematics and science and five background questionnaires. The data analysis was conducted using correlation methods and multilevel regression, utilizing R software and the lmeR package. Reliability was assessed through Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. The results showed that the student-level, parent-level, teacher-level, school-level, and curriculum-level variables had a significant relationship with mathematics achievement, and these relationships varied at the school (class) level (P ≤ 0.01). Similarly, the student-level, parent-level, teacher-level, school-level, and curriculum-level variables had a significant relationship with science achievement, and these relationships also varied at the school (class) level (P ≤ 0.01).

The objective of this study is to evaluate the current state of education on optimal water use in the curriculum of second-grade elementary school textbooks. To investigate this issue, a quantitative content analysis of a descriptive type was conducted using the "Shannon Entropy" statistical analysis method. The statistical population of this research includes all textbooks of the second elementary stage, totaling 24 textbooks. The sample size is equal to the population size, and the content of all second elementary school textbooks was analyzed. The face and content validity of the research was confirmed by five curriculum planning experts. The reliability of the research was estimated using the Kappa agreement coefficient. The research tool was a content analysis checklist. Overall, the research results consist of four main categories and twelve subcategories, leading to the conclusion that certain components related to the importance and optimal use of water have been given little or no attention in the content of second-grade elementary school textbooks. Additionally, there is a lack of balance in the content concerning the components of the importance and optimal use of water.

This research aimed to introduce a suitable EFQM (European Foundation for Quality Management) organizational excellence model for preschool education in the city of Shiraz. The research method was a mixed-method approach (qualitative-quantitative), and the statistical population included scientific, qualitative, and quantitative documents. The qualitative section comprised university experts (n = 21), while the quantitative section included a sample of 97 university experts. Non-random snowball sampling was used for the qualitative section, and cross-sectional random sampling was employed for the quantitative section. Data collection tools included coding, semi-structured interviews, and a researcher-made questionnaire. Qualitative data were analyzed using grounded theory, while a t-test was used for quantitative data analysis. The findings identified the dimensions and key components of an appropriate organizational excellence model for preschool education, which included objectives, vision and strategy, organizational culture and leadership, stakeholder engagement, sustainable value creation, performance improvement and transformation, stakeholder perspectives, and strategic and operational outcomes.

The present study aimed to propose a model for the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in private organizations influenced by human resource management, considering its antecedents and consequences. The research method was applied in terms of purpose and exploratory mixed-method (qualitative-quantitative) in terms of data collection. The statistical population of the study consisted of three sections: scientific documents, the qualitative section (experts), and the quantitative section (human resource managers of private organizations and companies in Tehran). The sample size in the qualitative section included 19 experts, who were selected using the principle of saturation and purposive non-random sampling. Additionally, in the quantitative section, 252 managers were selected through convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and in the quantitative phase, a researcher-made questionnaire derived from the qualitative section was employed. In the qualitative section, validity was calculated through expert opinions, and reliability was assessed using inter-rater agreement and agreement between two coders, with the results indicating the validity and reliability of the qualitative data. Moreover, in order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, content and construct validity were utilized, and to assess reliability, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and composite reliability were employed, with the results indicating the validity and reliability of the tool. Data analysis in the qualitative section was conducted using thematic analysis with Maxqda 2022 software, and in the quantitative section, based on the research questions, descriptive and inferential statistical methods (one-sample t-test and confirmatory factor analysis) were applied using SPSS v23 and Smart PLS v8 software. The research findings indicated that the antecedents of AI application in human resource management include organizational strategy and vision, organizational culture, and resources and infrastructure. The consequences of AI application include improvement in the recruitment process, development of training, reduction of errors, increased accuracy, and the creation of competitive advantage. Furthermore, based on the identified antecedents and consequences, the research model was designed and demonstrated appropriate validity.

This study aimed to identify and investigate the drivers of human resource development in Iran’s sports tourism industry to evaluate strategies for improving performance and increasing human resource productivity in this sector. This qualitative study employed semi-structured interviews with managers and experts in the field of sports tourism. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and interviews continued until theoretical saturation was reached. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data, and NVivo software was utilized for data categorization and analysis. The results revealed several key drivers of human resource development in Iran’s sports tourism industry, including government policy-making, administrative regulation efficiency, educational planning, human resource competencies, infrastructure, and job security. The use of modern digital technologies was also identified as an important factor in enhancing the efficiency and productivity of human resources. This study demonstrated that human resource development in Iran’s sports tourism industry requires supportive policies, the application of modern technologies, and continuous training. The findings of this research can serve as a guide for organizations and institutions involved in improving human resource management in this sector.

This study aims to compare the effectiveness of two educational approaches: brain-based learning and self-regulation strategies, on the academic achievement of students with specific learning disabilities. The current research was conducted using a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test and post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of elementary school students with specific learning disabilities who were randomly assigned to three groups (brain-based learning, self-regulation strategies, and control group). Data collection instruments included questionnaires and standardized academic achievement tests. The findings indicated that both educational interventions significantly improved the academic achievement of students with learning disabilities. The results suggest that both learning approaches can serve as effective tools for enhancing the academic and cognitive capabilities of students with specific learning disabilities. The combination of these two approaches could provide a comprehensive framework for improving learning and cognitive development in these students and contribute to enhancing the quality of education in contemporary educational systems.

The present study aims to propose a learning model in elementary education with an entrepreneurial approach. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and exploratory in nature. Data collection was conducted quantitatively using a questionnaire as the data collection tool. After the execution of the questionnaire, data analysis was performed through both descriptive and inferential methods using SPSS 16 and Smart PLS software. In this research, descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage frequency, frequency distribution tables, and chart plotting, were utilized to describe the characteristics of the questionnaire respondents. The results revealed that the component of entrepreneurial educational factors, the component of entrepreneurial organizational factors, the component of extra-organizational entrepreneurial factors, the component of individual factors, and finally, the component of entrepreneurial management factors were all retained in the analysis because none of the components had a factor loading below 0.3. Consequently, all five components, along with their respective indicators, were accepted as dimensions and components of the learning model in elementary education with an entrepreneurial approach. The fit indices in the factor analysis confirmed the model's overall fit.

The aim of this study is to design a model for collaborative learning in virtual environments, specifically focusing on the Islamic Azad Universities in Tehran. The research is applied in terms of its goal, employs qualitative data, and is exploratory in nature, based on a grounded theory approach. The study population consists of experts, and 15 experts were selected for interviews through theoretical sampling of the snowball type, based on theoretical data saturation. A semi-structured interview was used as the research tool, organizing the dimensions, components, and indicators of the collaborative learning model in virtual environments. Initially, several models, findings, studies, and national and global theories were reviewed to create the interview form. Subsequently, open coding was used to identify indicators, and axial coding categorized them into dimensions, components, and indicators, which were then sent to the 15 experts. Through selective coding, interviews, the Delphi method, and brainstorming, the dimensions and components were identified. As a result, three dimensions, nine components, and 62 indicators for the virtual collaborative learning model were finalized. Following the experts' final validation and prioritization, the model's dimensions, components, and indicators were mapped, and the model was re-validated by experts.

This research is a cross-sectional study in terms of its temporal scope, and in terms of cognitive purpose, it is a descriptive-applied research. The research strategies can be explained within the framework of correlational and survey studies. Since the current study is of a survey type, more attention is paid to the survey strategy. In the qualitative section, the statistical population consists of the National Education Organization; in this study, 20 individuals who have been involved in the field of the Fundamental Transformation Document will be selected. In the quantitative section, a questionnaire was randomly distributed among a preliminary sample of 25 managers, teachers, and staff from the Department of Education. The data for this study will be collected through semi-structured interviews to identify the challenges and barriers to the implementation of the Fundamental Transformation Document in the education system. The research findings identified five factors—policy-making, conceptual, managerial, legislative, and executive—as the challenges and barriers to implementing the Fundamental Transformation Document in the education system. Consequently, the content of education programs should be modified in accordance with the document. Internal communications should be leveraged to facilitate the implementation of the document and increase the emphasis on its execution. The appendices of the document should be formulated in a way that creates an opportunity for school-based management, and through the higher ranks of the Ministry of Education, the resolve of education departments to implement the Fundamental Transformation Document should be strengthened. Additionally, an organizational structure suitable for the document should be established within the education system.

This research aimed to examine the practical skills training based on the School of Martyr General Qasem Soleimani in technical and vocational education. The research method employed was a mixed-methods approach (qualitative-quantitative). The qualitative section followed the grounded theory approach, involving interviews with experts and applying three types of coding: open, axial, and selective. To classify and rank the factors, identify variable types, examine relationships between model variables, and determine the intensity of relationships as well as identify the influence and dependence of criteria, a combined ISM-DEMATEL method was used. A questionnaire was also used in the quantitative section to assess the current state of practical skills training in technical and vocational education based on the model's components. The results indicated that the necessity of a practical skills training model based on the School of Martyr General Qasem Soleimani in technical and vocational education is influenced by causal factors, including knowledge development, skills enhancement, and personal growth. Efforts towards a practical skills training model based on the School of Martyr General Qasem Soleimani in technical and vocational education can emerge by considering strategies such as motivational, religious, spiritual, social, and cultural teachings, as well as value-oriented and goal-driven training, consultation, and role modeling. The necessity and strategies of the practical skills training model are undoubtedly influenced by specific contextual factors, such as self-management, human ethical values, and leadership loyalty. It should also be noted that the strategies can be affected by intervening factors, such as lifestyle, volunteer activities, and innovation quality, which may either restrict or facilitate the strategies. Ultimately, the practical skills training model based on the School of Martyr General Qasem Soleimani in technical and vocational education can yield outcomes such as spiritual development, social education, the promotion of values, the cultivation of religious principles, and ethical and moral training.

The purpose of this study is to present a model of political education from the perspective of both Muslim and non-Muslim thinkers, emphasizing the philosophical views of Martyr Morteza Motahari and John Dewey concerning political education. The research method is qualitative, employing deductive content analysis. Using a descriptive-interpretive approach, the study analyzes the philosophical foundations of political education. The statistical population of this research includes the content analysis of all books and resources written on the topic of political education. The sampling method is purposive sampling. To examine validity, the criterion of credibility was used, and for reliability, the criterion of dependability was employed. The results of open or initial coding of the political education ideas of Muslim philosophers indicate that 38 initial concepts were extracted through open coding. After determining the open codes and axial categories, selective coding was performed. The findings revealed that the ideas of Islamic philosophers regarding political education are based on epistemological political education, participatory orientation, Sharia-oriented education, justice-centeredness, and unity-centeredness. Furthermore, the results of open or initial coding of the political education ideas of non-Muslim philosophers show that 43 initial concepts were obtained through open coding. After identifying the open codes and axial categories, selective coding was conducted, demonstrating that the political education thoughts of non-Muslim philosophers are based on awareness-raising, voluntarism, and social orientation. Overall, referencing these results can serve as a significant and effective step in explaining a model of political education within the education system so that students are educated with a focus on political values.